That is more than 62 trillion times the size of the first space. If you are told to select a 12-character password that can include uppercase and lowercase letters, the 10 digits and 10 symbols (say, !, #, $, %, ^, &, ?, / and +), you would have 72 possibilities for each of the 12 characters of the password. For example, if you were told to use six lowercase letters-such as, afzjxd, auntie, secret, These choices are independent: you do not have to use different letters, so the size of the password space is the product of the possibilities, or 26 x 26 x 26 x 26 x 26 x 26 = 26 6. When you are asked to create a password of a certain length and combination of elements, your choice will fit into the realm of all unique options that conform to that rule-into the “space” of possibilities. I will also explain how hackers can uncover passwords even when stolen data sets lack is the logic behind setting hack-resistant passwords. I will explain the mathematical rationale for some standard advice, including clarifying why six characters are not enough for a good password and why you should never use only lowercase letters.
Obviously such measures add safety, but how exactly? We are also told to change our choices regularly. At one time or another, we have all been frustrated by trying to set a password, only to have it rejected as too weak.
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